Charging Facility Planning Based on Load Characteristics of Electric Vehicles in Mountain Cities

In order to meet the needs of planning electric vehicle charging stations in mountainous cities, the characteristics of roads in mountainous cities are studied in this paper to improve the methods charging load forecasting and charging station planning. The main contributions of this study are as follows. Firstly, the spatial characteristics of roads in mountainous cities were explored, and a single-vehicle power consumption model was established for electric vehicles. Secondly, an analysis was conducted as to the impact caused by the power consumption characteristics of single vehicles in mountainous cities on the temporal and spatial distributions of charging load. Also, the improved Floyd shortest path algorithm was applied to establish a group charging load prediction model. Thirdly, an iterative calculation method is developed for load forecasting and charging station planning by taking into account the influence exerted by the temporal and spatial distributions of charging load on the location of charging stations. Lastly, a novel model of charging station planning in mountainous cities is proposed to reduce the temporal fluctuation of charging load and further balance its spatial distribution. According to the solution obtained through genetic algorithm MATLAB simulation, the above modeling method is capable to achieve a more reasonable planning of charging stations in mountainous cities. On the one hand, it significantly reduces the fluctuation of charging load for electric vehicles. On the other hand, it makes the charging load more balanced between different charging stations.