Coordination and Optimization of Battery Swap Station and Microgrid Based on Shadow Price

The development of the battery swap station (BSS) can effectively alleviate the troubles due to limited road haul and long charging time of the electric vehicle. Firstly, a new optimization model for day-ahead economic operation of two independent non-cooperative entity management systems, i.e., the microgrid and BSS, was proposed. Then, a market based mechanism that could make the two systems coordinated effectively was developed, and the coordinated mechanism only needed to exchange the single shadow price and the request of charge-discharge power between two entities. Finally, the software CPLEX and the improved Wind Drive Optimization Algorithm (WDO) were utilized to obtain the charge-discharge power and the shadow price of microgrid and BSS to solve the proposed model. Results of calculation example show that the proposed method is effective and extensible, and the rationality and effectiveness are validated by the simulation results from the improved IEEE 33-bus system.