Robust Pricing Strategies for Integrated Energy Systems and Charging Stations Considering Multiple Uncertainties

The joint operation of integrated energy system and electric vehicle charging stations facilitates the utilization of renewable energy and achieve sustainable energy development through synergistic integration of multi-energy and reasonable guidance of charging demand. In order to effectively mitigate the risks associated with multiple uncertainties, a double-layer robust dynamic pricing model is constructed based on the Stackelberg game. Taking the integrated energy system as the leader while adopting robust optimization methods to address the uncertainty of cold, heat, electric loads and wind power and photovoltaic outputs, this model sets the trading price with the goal of maximizing its own benefits. The charging station, as a follower, described the uncertainty brought from electric vehicles with a robust two-stage distribution optimization method and responded to the price of electricity according to its own demand. An iterative solution scheme combining the bisection with column and constraint generation (C&CG) algorithm is proposed to solve the model. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed robust game model and algorithm is verified through the case study.