Optimal Operation and Profit Allocation of Virtual Power Plants Based on Conditional Value-at-risk

Virtual power plants (VPP) serve as a solution for the seamless integration of renewable energy sources into the grid, effectively facilitating participation in electricity market transactions by various types of distributed energy resources and thus improving overall competitiveness and economic viability. In this article, we propose a VPP operating strategy that aggregates multiple types of distributed energy resources, along with a method for profit allocation among its internal members. Firstly, we construct an optimized VPP operating model composed of wind turbine, gas turbine, energy storage equipment, and interruptible loads. We employ conditional value-at-risk theory to quantify the risk of uncertain factors, and derive VPP operating strategies and profits under different risk levels. Secondly, we improve the Shapley value method with weighted coefficients to develop a VPP profit allocation model that applies to multiple members, based on the risk levels, profit contributions, and member attractiveness of internal members. Finally, we utilize a VPP as a case study to analyze the effectiveness of the model. The fairness and reasonableness of profit allocation results are ensured, which plays a positive role in the participation of various types of distributed energy resources in the VPP and is also of great significance to maintaining the stability of the VPP alliance.