Analysis on Economic Dispatching and Operating Reserve Capability of Generalized Energy Storage Resources on the User Side

Towards the goal of carbon neutrality, it is of great significance to leverage and evaluate the dispatching and reserve capacity of the user-side generalized energy storage. In this paper, we focus on distributed energy storage systems, electric vehicles, and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning as examples of user-side broad energy storage resources. A virtual battery (VB) model is initially established to describe the aggregated power feasible domain of their clustered resources. Subsequently, leveraging the VB model, a calculation method is proposed for the upper and lower reserve capacities of cluster resources. On this basis, an optimal scheduling model for user-side generalized energy storage resources, grounded in the VB model, is developed within the framework of power market operation. Furthermore, the non-necessity of the non-convex constraints in the proposed model is demonstrated through a proof of contradiction, thereby transforming the non-convex optimization problem into a convex optimization problem. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed optimal scheduling model and its superiority in terms of optimization solution efficiency are confirmed through case study. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis is carried out on the factors affecting the reserve capacity of generalized energy storage resources.