A Voltage Optimization Control Method for Distribution Networks Based on Joint Dispatch of 5G Base Station Energy Storages and Battery Swap Cabinets

The emergence of the joint deployment of electric bike battery swapping cabinets (BSCs) and 5G base stations (5G BSs) not only addresses the safety concerns associated with electric bike charging but also increases the backup power storage capacity of 5G BSs. The joint participation of both parties in the distribution network dispatch can yield greater marginal benefits. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to improve distribution network voltages by utilizing the idle energy storage resources of jointly deployed 5G BSs and BSCs. This method aims to eliminatenode voltage violation risks and mitigate voltage fluctuations, under the premise of ensuring the quality of communication services and battery swapping needs. By considering the differences in energy storage configuration and operation between BSs and BSCs, their joint dispatchable capability is analyzed, and a joint dispatching framework is proposed. Based on the joint system, a voltage optimization control method is proposed. In light of the model's characteristics—including numerous heterogeneous decision variables and constraints, as well as temporal coupling—a Hierarchical Partitioning Optimal Search Method (HP-OSM) is proposed. This method aims to fully leverage the dispatchable capabilities of 5G BSs, BSCs, and their joint operations. By enhancing both speed and accuracy of the solution, the method ultimately maximizes operational efficiency. Finally, simulation results validate the superiority of the proposed joint dispatch scheme, the effectiveness of the established optimal control model in improving distribution network voltages, and the efficiency of HP-OSM.