Active Power Balance Control Method for Microgrids Considering Energy Storage Support

In the context of the dual-carbon goal, the large-scale integration of distributed photovoltaics poses challenges to microgrids, including power supply and demand fluctuations and uncertain power output. The battery energy storage system (BESS) plays an increasingly critical role in supporting the stable operation of the microgrid. Therefore, an active power balance control method for microgrids considering energy storage support is proposed. Firstly, based on the operational characteristics of the battery unit, a battery energy storage model that incorporates electro-thermal aging is established. Secondly, to minimize both the operational cost of the microgrid system and the aging cost of the battery energy storage system, an optimization model for power and energy balance in the microgrid is established, subject to constraints on BESS operation, microgrid system operation, and distributed photovoltaic operation. Then, to address the model’s non-convexity, the problem is reformulated as a second-order cone programming problem. It can be easily solved by relaxation transformation and linear segmentation strategy. Finally, a full time, 8760-hour simulation verification is conducted based on an actual case of the Enshi area in Hubei Province. The results verify that the proposed method can effectively suppress power fluctuations and ensure microgrid stability, thereby providing technical support for microgrid regulation under high-penetration renewable energy integration.