Impact of Government Subsidy on Supply Chain for Direct-fired Biomass Based Power Generation
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摘要: 生物质直燃发电在电力扶贫和电力低碳过程中发挥重要作用，制定合理的政策补贴方式是生物质发电产业良好发展的关键因素。考虑季节影响因素，以电厂利润最大化为目标确定生物质燃料的最优收购数量、收购价格和掺烧比例。在此基础上，利用系统动力学方法动态模拟了生物质供应链运行过程，分析了统一费率补贴、线性增长补贴以及先增后减补贴方式对生物质供应链的影响。算例分析结果表明，政府采用线性增长补贴方式更有利于提高农户燃料供应意愿，促进生物质供应链的运作，其中对农户补贴的效果优于对生物质发电厂补贴，对农户线性增长补贴能够显著提高生物质的有效利用，提升生物质发电供应链的可持续发展。Abstract: The direct-fired biomass based power generation plays an important role in both rural poverty alleviation through power generation and low-carbon electricity generation, thus to draft a reasonable manner for the government subsidy policy is the key factor to ensure the good development of direct-fired biomass based power generation enterprises. Considering the factor of season influence and taking the maximized profit of power plant as the object, the optimum purchase quantity, the purchasing price and the blending proportion of the purchased biomass fuel are determined. On this basis, the system dynamics method is applied to dynamically simulate the operational process of the biomass supply chain, and the impacts of subsidy manners such as the flat rate subsidy, the linear growth subsidy and the subsidy, which is increased at first and then decreased, on biomass supply chain are analyzed. Analysis results show that the linear growth subsidy manner adopted by the government is more conductive to raise the farmer-households’ willingness of supplying the biomass fuel and to promote the operation of biomass supply chain. Besides, the effect of subsidizing farmer-households’ is better than that of subsidizing biomass power plants.
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Keywords:
- biomass power generation /
- government subsidies /
- system dynamics /
- supply chain
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图 2 生物质发电供应链因果关系图
Figure 2. Casual loop diagram of supply chain for biomass power generation
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图 6 生物质电厂3种动态补贴模式单位补贴碳减排量
Figure 6. Carbon emission reductions of unit subsidy under three kinds of dynamic subsidy modes for biomass power plant
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图 7 农户3种动态补贴模式单位补贴碳减排量
Figure 7. Carbon emission reductions of unit subsidy under three kinds of dynamic subsidy modes for farmer-households
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图 8 农户与生物质发电厂线性增长补贴碳减排量比较
Figure 8. Comparison of carbon emission reductions between farmer-households and biomass power plant under linear growth subsidy
表 1 目标函数输入参数值
Table 1 Input parameter values of objective function
参数 参数值 参数 参数值 P(元/kW·h) 0.75 ${W_i}(i = 1)$ /%0.84 R/% 10 ${W_i}(i = 2)$ 0.95 Cge/(元/kW·h) 0.1 ${C_{{\rm{tpur}},i}}(i = 1)/{\rm{(}}{\simfont\text{元}}{\rm{/km}})$ 1.617 Cq/(元/t) 1 ${C_{{\rm{tpur}},i}}(i = 2)$ 4.104 Fp/(万元/年) 10000 ${C_{{\rm{dis}},i}}(i = 1)/{\rm{km}}$ 55 Fpur/(万元/年) 620 ${C_{{\rm{dis}},i}}(i = 2)$ 70 
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表 3 电价与农户动态补贴方案
Table 3 Electricity Price and dynamic subsidy schemes for farmer-households
电价补贴类型 方程 统一费率补贴 电价补贴=with lookup(年燃料处理能力 (10.24,0.25), (10.41,0.25), (10.59,0.25), (10.76,0.25), (10.93,0.25), (11.10,0.25), (11.27,0.25), (11.44,0.25)))农户补贴=with lookup(年燃料处理能力([(0,40)-(20,60)],(9.9,50), (10.07,50), (10.24,50), (10.41,50), (10.59,50), (10.76,50), (10.93,50), (11.10,50), (11.27,50), (11.44,50))) 线性增长补贴 电价补贴=with lookup(年燃料处理能力([(9.5,0)-(12,0.7)],(9.9,0.05), (10.07,0.1), (10.24,0.15), (10.41,0.2), (10.59,0.25), (10.76,0.3), (10.93,0.35), (11.10,0.4), (11.27,0.45), (11.44,0.5)))农户补贴=with lookup(年燃料处理能力([(2,0)-(20,100)],(9.9,10), (10.07,20), (10.24,30), (10.41,40), (10.59,50), (10.76,60), (10.93,70), (11.10,80), (11.27,90), (11.44,100))) 先增后减补贴 电价补贴=with lookup(年燃料处理能力([(2,0)-(12,0.5)],(9.9,0.05), (10.07,0.11), (10.24,0.2), (10.42,0.25), (10.6,0.30), (10.76,0.35), (10.93,0.3), (11.10,0.26), (11.27,0.22), (11.44,0.17)))农户补贴=with lookup(年燃料处理能力([(2,0)-(15,100)],(9.9,12.4), (10.07,22.8), (10.24,36.8), (10.41,48.4), (10.6,62.4), (10.76,80), (10.93,65.5), (11.1,54.4), (11.27,44.8), (11.44,33.2)))
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