考虑车网互动的电动汽车充电站多目标规划

Multi-Objective Planning of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Considering Vehicle-Network Interaction

  • 摘要: 针对大规模电动汽车的随机充电行为不仅恶化负荷时间分布特性,还会对电网安全运行造成高同时率下的“峰上加峰”与“功率冲击”的负面影响,将会导致电动汽车充电站所选站址并非最佳的问题,提出一种考虑车网互动的电动汽车充电站多目标规划方法。首先,利用效用理论,并考虑电网供应与用户需求之间的平衡关系,构建车网互动响应模型;然后,运用蒙特卡洛模拟算法,通过实施需求响应能有效提升电动汽车充电负荷的预测精度,建立计及车网互动响应的电动汽车充电负荷预测模型;最后,考虑参与车网互动的电动汽车具有负荷调节、削峰填谷作用,构建电动汽车充电站多目标双层规划模型,上层模型以充电站综合投资成本最小为目标,下层模型以电动汽车用户充放电收益与运营商效益最大为目标,应用带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法对该双层规划模型迭代求解。算例分析结果验证了所提方法的合理性和实用性。

     

    Abstract: The random charging behavior of large-scale electric vehicles not only deteriorates the time distribution characteristics of the load but also has negative impacts on the safe operation of the power grid under the high simultaneity factor of "peak-on-peak" and "power shock". This may lead to suboptimal siting of electric vehicle charging stations. In view of this, this study proposes a multi-objective planning method for electric vehicle charging stations that explicitly considers vehicle-grid interaction. First, by using the utility theory and considering the balance between grid supply and user demand, a vehicle-to-grid interactive response model is constructed. Then, the demand-responde strategy is employed using the Monte Carlo simulation algorithm to enhance the accuracy of electric vehicle charging load forecasting. Consequently, a predictive model that incorporates vehicle-to-grid interaction dynamics is developed. Finally, considering that electric vehicles' participation in the vehicle-to-grid interaction possesses load regulation, peak shifting and valley filling capabilities, a two-tiered multi-objective planning model is established. The upper-layer model aims to minimize comprehensive investment cost of electric vehicle charging infrastructure, while the lower-layer model aims to maximize the charging and discharge benefits of electric vehicle users and the operators. The two-tiered model is solved iteratively using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with elite strategy. Case study results validate the methodological effectiveness and operational feasibility of the developed framework.

     

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