Abstract: To address the issue of the power distribution between battery and supercapacitor in hybrid energy storage system, a multi-mode power distribution strategy with dual criteria is proposed. Based on the electric vehicle dynamics model, the proposed strategy integrates two parameters, the power in the DC bus and the charge state of the supercapacitor, to dynamically switch the working mode of the hybrid energy storage system. The power settings of battery and supercapacitor are adjusted in accordance with the efficiency model of energy storage system. Finally, the power is distributed within hybrid energy storage system. The research on electric vehicle working condition simulation and power distribution strategy was carried out in an experimental platform of hybrid energy storage system. The experimental results indicate that, compared with the fixed proportion distribution strategy, the multi-mode power distribution strategy with dual criteria can reduce the average and maximum power of battery by 16.98% and 24.72% respectively, and enhance the energy utilization rate of the hybrid energy storage system by 5.35% simultaneously.