Abstract: To achieve carbon neutrality and promote rural revitalization, rural distribution networks (DNs) with a high proportion of photovoltaics (PVs) face challenges of security, low-carbon operation, and economic viability. As energy storage systems (ESSs) possess the inherent characteristics of energy storage and time sequence transfer, they play a crucial role in enhancing PV capacity and reducing carbon emissions in DNs. However, existing low-carbon day-ahead dispatch strategies for PVs and ESSs fail to effectively balance voltage security and carbon reduction. Besides, the refined temporal carbon tracking is not taken into account. In response, in this paper we propose an adaptive security-ecology day-ahead dispatch strategy for ESSs in rural DNs with high proportion PVs, which considers carbon reduction benefits. The strategy considers the roles of ESSs in voltage adjustment, peak-load shedding, and carbon reduction, constructs an adaptive dual-mode day-ahead optimal scheduling architecture for energy storage in rural DNs, and establishes switching principles for two operation modes. Furthermore, optimization models are respectively developed to adjust voltage, manage peak-valley differences, as well as reduce carbon emissions. The optimal day-ahead dispatch strategy of ESSs is obtained by solving the aforementioned models using the genetic algorithm. The case study of the modified IEEE 33-node distribution network verifies the feasibility and superiority of the proposed adaptive security-ecology day-ahead dispatch strategy for ESSs. Besides the security and ecology of rural DNs are effectively improved under the premise of ensuring voltage safety.