Abstract: The determination of the trading strategies for each participant, under the premise of considering the economy and low carbon and realizing mutual benefits and win-win situation, have emerged as an urgent research topic. Based on this, considering the uncertainty of photovoltaic output and the stochastic nature of electric vehicle charging, in this paper we construct a game-based operation optimization model for PVCS, taking into account the carbon trading. Firstly, we deal with photovoltaic uncertainty through scenario generation and reduction techniques. Subsequently, the EV stochastic charging model is established based on users’ driving habits. Secondly, a stepwise carbon trading mechanism is introduced to constrain the carbon emissions of charging stations. Finally, we construct a PVCS-EV Stackelberg game model. The upper layer formulates the pricing strategy for charging operators to ensure its operation economy and low carbon, while the lower one develops the charging strategy for EV users to maximize owners' satisfaction. The model is solved using an algorithm that integrates intelligent algorithms with mixed integer linear programming. The simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed strategy in reducing the system’s carbon emissions while effectively balancing the interests of all stakeholders.